Theodor Adorno
Theodor Adorno (1903-1969), German Marxist philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist. Born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund in Frankfurt am Main on September 11, 1903, Adorno studied for a doctorate in philosophy at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt from 1921 to 1924.
In 1925 he became a student of the composer Alban Berg in Vienna, but returned to Frankfurt in 1927, and in 1930 become an associate of the Sozialforschung (the Institute for Social Research) of Frankfurt University, which spawned the Frankfurt School, of which he went on to become a leading member. On his expulsion from Germany, along with other members of the school, by the Nazis in 1934, he moved to Britain, where he took a teaching post at Oxford University. He continued to visit Germany, however, but used his mother’s maiden name, Adorno, for his articles applying Marxist concepts to philosophy and music. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States, where he worked with Max Horkheimer, director of the Frankfurt School, on Dialektik der Aufklärung (Dialectic of Enlightenment, 1947) and other books.
Adorno and Horkheimer returned to Germany in 1949 and to teaching in Frankfurt in 1951. Unlike Horkheimer, Adorno continued to stress the centrality of class divisions in modern societies in books such as Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life (1951), his response to the collapse of European civilization during World War II, and Jargon der Eigentlichkeit (Jargon of Authenticity, 1964), a critique of the pro-Nazi philosopher Martin Heidegger and others who denied the possibility of objective truth.
Adorno’s greatest influence has probably been through the concepts that he and Horkheimer developed together. These include “instrumental rationality”, the corruption of the ideals of the Enlightenment by systems of domination; “the culture industry”, which transforms works of art into commodities; and “the authoritarian personality” of conformists, who prefer obeying orders to making difficult choices. He died on August 6, 1969. **********************
FONTE: Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund - MSN EncartaIn 1925 he became a student of the composer Alban Berg in Vienna, but returned to Frankfurt in 1927, and in 1930 become an associate of the Sozialforschung (the Institute for Social Research) of Frankfurt University, which spawned the Frankfurt School, of which he went on to become a leading member. On his expulsion from Germany, along with other members of the school, by the Nazis in 1934, he moved to Britain, where he took a teaching post at Oxford University. He continued to visit Germany, however, but used his mother’s maiden name, Adorno, for his articles applying Marxist concepts to philosophy and music. In 1938 he emigrated to the United States, where he worked with Max Horkheimer, director of the Frankfurt School, on Dialektik der Aufklärung (Dialectic of Enlightenment, 1947) and other books.
Adorno and Horkheimer returned to Germany in 1949 and to teaching in Frankfurt in 1951. Unlike Horkheimer, Adorno continued to stress the centrality of class divisions in modern societies in books such as Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life (1951), his response to the collapse of European civilization during World War II, and Jargon der Eigentlichkeit (Jargon of Authenticity, 1964), a critique of the pro-Nazi philosopher Martin Heidegger and others who denied the possibility of objective truth.
Adorno’s greatest influence has probably been through the concepts that he and Horkheimer developed together. These include “instrumental rationality”, the corruption of the ideals of the Enlightenment by systems of domination; “the culture industry”, which transforms works of art into commodities; and “the authoritarian personality” of conformists, who prefer obeying orders to making difficult choices. He died on August 6, 1969. **********************
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